Trafalgar Square is surrounded by museums, galleries, cultural spaces and historic buildings. It also has the café on the square.
History of Trafalgar Square
14th to 17th century: Most of the area now occupied by Trafalgar Square was the courtyard of the Great Mews stabling, which served Whitehall Palace.
1812: The architect John Nash began to develop ‘a new street from Charing Cross to Portland Place’. He wanted it to be a cultural space open to the public.
1830: The site was officially named Trafalgar Square.
1832: Work began on the National Gallery.
1838: Sir Charles Barry presented a plan to develop Trafalgar Square. This included the Nelson memorial statue and two fountains.
1843: Nelson’s Column, designed by William Railton, was erected.
1845: The fountains were built.
1867: Sir Edwin Landseer designed the bronze lions placed on guard at the base of Nelson’s Column.
1876: The Imperial Measures were set into the north terrace wall.
Trafalgar Square today
In July 2003 a huge project to transform Trafalgar Square was completed. The north terrace was pedestrianised, so that the square is now linked to the National Gallery. The changes also included a cafe, public toilets and a lift for disabled access.
Trafalgar Square is a centre of national democracy and protest. Rallies and demonstrations are frequently held at weekends on different political, religious and general issues. The Mayor supports this democratic tradition, and gives access to the square for such causes.
Events
Many events are hosted at Trafalgar Square, including cultural celebrations, commercial events, rallies and demonstrations, filming and photographic shoots.